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SDM-650B Satellite Modem Configuration
Rev. 5 3–47
3.3.1.3 Plesiochronous
The stability of station reference clocks is normally 10
-11
that is derived from a cesium
standard. When the stability is exceptionally high, the two clocks are not in sync with
each other. Eventually, the two reference clocks will pass by each other.
The clock used for the transmit signal passes over the satellite, but will not be used at the
receive earth station where a national network derives its timing locally. A buffer will fill
up with data using the clock from the satellite, and will empty using the local clock. The
buffer ensures that the buffer overflows or underflows at regular determinable intervals.
The intervals typically occur every 40 days.
The buffer depth required, from center to end, will be calculated as follows:
Buffer Depth = Minimum Slip Period (sec) x Stability of Far End (Transmit) Clock +
Stability of Local Clock
The following is an example on how to calculate a buffer depth:
Far end (transmit) clock stability 1 E-9
Local (buffer) clock stability 1E-11
Minimum clock slip 40 days
Buffer Depth = (40 x 24 x 60 x 60) x (1E-9 + 1E-11) = 3.49 ms
The buffer will either be filled or empty, depending upon the frequency relationship of
the two clocks. The total buffer depth will be 2 x 3.49 ms = 6.98 ms.
3.3.1.4 Frame/Multiframe Length
The depth of the receive buffer required has been discussed above and is applicable to all
unframed data.
Framed data (i.e., 2048 kbit/s G732 or 1544 kbit/s G733) is desirable to provide slips in
pre-defined locations. There are two advantages of organized slip locations:
• In relation to the frame, multiplexing equipment does not lose sync.
• Outages on any channel are kept to a minimum.
A 2048 kbit/s frame structure commonly used is G732. The frame structure has a length
of 256 bits, with 16 frames per multiframe (4096 bits total or 2 ms).
- SDM-650B 1
- Preface 5
- Cautions and Warnings 6
- Military Standards 7
- Trademarks 7
- Related Documents 7
- European EMC Directive 8
- Customer Support 9
- Table of Contents 11
- Rev. 5 ix 13
- Rev. 5 xi 15
- Rev. 5 xiii 17
- Rev. 5 xv 19
- Rev. 5 xvii 21
- Figures 22
- Rev. 5 xix 23
- Chapter 1 25
- INTRODUCTION 25
- 1.1 Purpose and Function 26
- 1.2 Description 27
- 1.3 System Specification 29
- 1–8 Rev. 5 32
- Rev. 5 1–9 33
- 1–10 Rev. 5 34
- Rev. 5 1–11 35
- 1–12 Rev. 5 36
- Chapter 2 37
- INSTALLATION 37
- 2.2 External Connections 38
- 2.2.1 DATA I/O 39
- 2.2.2 Remote (J6) 39
- 2.2.3 Fault (J7) 39
- 2.2.4 IF Output (CP1) 40
- 2.2.5 IF Input (CP2) 40
- 2.2.6 AC Power 40
- 2.2.7 GROUND 41
- 2.3 System Requirements 41
- 2.4 System Installation 42
- Chapter 3 43
- CONFIGURATION 43
- 3.1.1.1 Remote Interface 44
- 3.1.1.2 Remote Baud Rate 45
- 3.1.1.3 Remote Address 46
- 3.1.1.4 Battery 46
- 3.1.1.7 Utility Defaults 47
- 3–6 Rev. 5 48
- 3.2 Digital Interfaces 49
- 3–8 Rev. 5 50
- Rev. 5 3–9 51
- 3–10 Rev. 5 52
- 3.2.1.2 Connector Pinouts 54
- 3.2.1.3 Specification 55
- 3.2.2 V.35 Interface 56
- Rev. 5 3–15 57
- 3–16 Rev. 5 58
- 3.2.2.2 Connector Pinouts 60
- 3.2.2.3 Specification 61
- SWITCH 1 62
- Rev. 5 3–21 63
- (See Note 1) 64
- (See Note 2) 64
- 3.2.3.2 Connector Pinouts 65
- 3.2.3.3 Specification 65
- Rev. 5 3–25 67
- 3.2.4.2 Optional EXT CLK 68
- 3.2.4.4 Connector Pinouts 69
- 3–28 Rev. 5 70
- 3.2.4.7 Send Data (J4) 72
- 3.2.4.8 Receive Data (J5) 72
- 3.2.4.9 Specification 73
- Rev. 5 3–33 75
- 3.2.5.3 Multiplexer 77
- 3.2.5.4 Demultiplexer 77
- 3–36 Rev. 5 78
- Rev. 5 3–39 81
- 3.3 Doppler Buffer 82
- 3–42 Rev. 5 84
- Rev. 5 3–43 85
- 3.3.1 Buffer Setup 86
- Rev. 5 3–45 87
- 3.3.1.1 Buffer Size 88
- 3.3.1.2 Doppler 88
- 3.3.1.3 Plesiochronous 89
- 3.3.1.5 Total Buffer Length 90
- 3.3.1.6 Converting 90
- 3.5 I/O Connectors 91
- 3.6.1 Master/Slave 92
- 3–52 Rev. 5 94
- 3.6.1.2 Master/Slave G.703 95
- 3.6.1.3 Master/Slave X.21 96
- Rev. 5 3–55 97
- 3.6.2 Master/Master 98
- • TX-CLOCK: EXT 99
- 3–58 Rev. 5 100
- Rev. 5 3–59 101
- 3–60 Rev. 5 102
- Chapter 4 103
- OPERATION 103
- 4.1 Front Panel 104
- 4.1.1 LED Indicators 105
- 4.1.2 Controls 105
- 4–4 Rev. 5 106
- [←] and [→] 106
- Rev. 5 4–5 107
- 4.1.4 Menu Explanations 111
- (Test Mode Configuration 112
- Option) 112
- ↑] and [↓] to select 116
- 4.1.4.2 Select Monitor 117
- 4.1.4.3 Select Faults 118
- 4–18 Rev. 5 120
- 4.1.4.5 Select Utility 121
- ↑] and [↓] to change that 123
- ←] and [→] to see the 124
- Chapter 5 125
- THEORY OF OPERATION 125
- 5–2 Rev. 6 126
- 5.1.1 Specifications 127
- 5–4 Rev. 6 128
- 5.1.2 Theory of Operation 129
- 5–6 Rev. 6 130
- Rev. 6 5–7 131
- 5.2.1 Specification 132
- 5.2.2 Theory of Operation 133
- 5.2.2.2 Sequential Decoder 134
- Rev. 6 5–11 135
- 5–12 Rev. 6 136
- Rev. 6 5–13 137
- 5–14 Rev. 6 138
- Rev. 6 5–15 139
- 5.3 Demodulator 140
- 5.3.1 Specifications 141
- 5.3.2 Theory of Operation 141
- 5.4.1 Reacquisition 142
- 5.4.2 Fast Acquisition 143
- 5.4.3 Directed Sweep 144
- Chapter 6 145
- MAINTENANCE 145
- 6.1.2 Demodulator 146
- Rev. 6 6–3 147
- 6–4 Rev. 6 148
- Various Code Rates 149
- 6–6 Rev. 6 150
- Rev. 6 6–7 151
- 6.1.3 Test Points 152
- 6.1.3.1 Modulator 152
- 6.1.3.2 Demodulator 153
- 6.2 Fault Isolation 155
- Rev. 6 6–17 161
- 6–18 Rev. 6 162
- Rev. 6 6–19 163
- 6–20 Rev. 6 164
- 6.4 Module Replacement 165
- 6.5 Module Identification 165
- Appendix A 167
- DATA RATES AND FILTERS 167
- A–2 Rev. 6 168
- Rev. 6 A–3 169
- A–4 Rev. 6 170
- A.2 Variable Rate Filters 172
- ←] and [→] to move 174
- A.2.3 Utility 175
- ←] and [→] 176
- Appendix B 177
- REMOTE CONTROL OPERATION 177
- B.1.1 General 178
- B.1.2 Message Structure 178
- B.1.2.1 Start Character 178
- B.1.2.2 Device Address 179
- B.1.2.3 Command/Response 180
- B.1.2.4 End Character 180
- B.1.3.1 Remote 181
- B.1.3.3 Set RF Output 181
- B.1.3.7 Modulator Rate 183
- B.1.3.8 Demodulator Rate 185
- B.1.3.9 Scrambler Enable 186
- B.1.3.10 Descrambler Enable 186
- B.1.3.12 Transmit Clock 187
- B.1.3.13 Receive Clock 187
- B.1.3.14 Baseband Loopback 187
- B.1.3.15 RF Loopback 188
- B.1.3.16 IF Loopback 188
- B.1.3.17 Time of Day 188
- B.1.3.18 Date 189
- B.1.3.20 BER Threshold 189
- B.1.3.22.3 Sweep Direction 192
- B.1.3.24.1 Buffer Clock 193
- B.1.4.1 Configuration 194
- B.1.4.3 Modulator Status 197
- B.1.4.4 Demodulator Status 197
- B.1.4.7 BER Status 199
- B.1.4.7.1 Raw BER 199
- B.1.4.7.2 Corrected BER 199
- B.1.4.8 E 200
- Status 200
- B.1.4.13 Stored Faults 202
- B.1.4.17 Change Status 207
- B.1.4.18 Equipment Type 208
- B.2.1 General 209
- B.2.2 Message Structure 209
- B.2.2.1 Start Character 210
- B.2.2.2 Device Address 210
- B.2.2.3 Command/Response 211
- B.2.2.4 End Character 211
- B.2.3.2 Set RF Output 212
- B.2.3.5 Modulator Rate 214
- B.2.3.6 Scrambler Enable 215
- B.2.4.2 Demodulator Rate 216
- B.2.4.3 Descramble Enable 218
- B.2.4.4 RF Loopback 218
- B.2.4.5 IF Loopback 218
- B.2.4.6 BER Threshold 218
- B.2.4.7 Sweep Reacquisition 219
- B.2.4.8.2 Sweep Width Range 220
- B.2.4.8.3 Sweep Direction 221
- B.2.5.1 Transmit Clock 221
- B.2.5.2 Buffer Clock 221
- B.2.5.3 Receive Clock 222
- B.2.5.5 Interface Loopback 222
- B.2.5.6 Baseband Loopback 222
- B.2.6.1 Time of Day 225
- B.2.6.2 Date 226
- B.2.6.3 Remote 226
- B.2.6.4 Clear Stored Faults 226
- B.2.7.1.1 Local AUPC Enable 227
- Pattern) 230
- Modulator/Coder 231
- B.2.8.3 Modulator Status 236
- B.2.8.4 Demodulator Status 236
- B.2.8.8.1 Raw BER 238
- B.2.8.8.2 Corrected BER 238
- B.2.8.9 E 239
- B.2.8.10 Modulator Rate 239
- B.2.8.11 Demodulator Rate 239
- B.2.8.16 Stored Faults 241
- B.2.8.20 Change Status 248
- B.2.8.21 Equipment Type 248
- Appendix C 249
- FIELD COMPATIBILITY 249
- Appendix D 251
- SOFTWARE CHANGE 251
- INSTRUCTIONS 251
- Appendix E 253
- AGC INTERFACE 253
- E.1 Connector Pinouts 254
- E.2.1 Parts Required 254
- Ω between U1 pin 1 and 255
- Figure E-2. Wiring Diagram 256
- Rev. 5 E–5 257
- E–6 Rev. 5 258
- Appendix F 259
- ASYNCHRONOUS OVERHEAD 259
- CHANNEL UNIT 259
- F–2 Rev. 5 260
- RECEIVE SECTION 261
- TRANSMIT SECTION 261
- F.1.1 Terrestrial Interface 262
- F.1.2 Multiplexer 264
- F.1.3 Demultiplexer 264
- F.1.4 Plesiochronous Buffer 265
- F.4.1 AUPC 268
- Rev. 5 F–11 269
- F.5 Front Panel Operation 270
- F.5.2 Menu Explanations 278
- Refer to Table F-4 279
- to move the flashing 279
- Refer to Table F-5 281
- Refer to Table F-6 283
- Refer to Table F-7 286
- F.5.2.2 Select Monitor 287
- F.5.2.3 Select Faults 288
- F.5.2.5 Select Remote 292
- F.5.2.5.2 Remote Monitor 292
- F.5.2.6 Select Utility 293
- F–38 Rev. 5 296
- Appendix G 297
- TROJAN INTERFACE 297
- G–2 Rev. 5 298
- G–4 Rev. 5 300
- G.2 Connector Pinouts 301
- G.3 Specification 302
- G.4 Configuration Guide 303
- G.4.3 Interface Defaults 304
- G.5 Front Panel Operation 305
- G–10 Rev. 5 306
- G.5.2.5 Select Utility 311
- G.6.1 General 312
- G.6.1.1 Message Structure 312
- G.6.1.1.1 Start Character 313
- G.6.1.1.2 Device Address 313
- G.6.2 Command/Response 314
- G.6.3 End Character 314
- G.6.4.1 Modulator 315
- G.6.4.1.2 Set RF Output 315
- G.6.4.1.3 Modulator Rate 316
- G.6.4.2 Demodulator 319
- G.6.4.2.2 Demodulator Rate 319
- G.6.4.2.3 Descramble Enable 321
- G.6.4.2.4 IF Loopback 321
- G.6.4.2.5 RF Loopback 321
- G.6.4.2.9 Sweep Width Range 323
- G.6.4.2.10 Sweep Direction 323
- G.6.4.3.1 Baseband Loopback 324
- G.6.4.3.2 Transmit Clock 324
- G.6.4.3.3 Receive Clock 324
- G.6.4.4.1 Time of Day 326
- G.6.4.4.2 Date 326
- G.6.4.4.3 Remote 327
- G.6.4.5.1 Configuration 328
- G.6.4.5.3 Modulator Status 331
- G.6.4.5.6.1 Raw BER 332
- G.6.4.5.6.2 Corrected BER 333
- G.6.4.5.7 E 333
- G.6.4.5.8 Modulator Rate 333
- G.6.4.5.9 Demodulator Rate 334
- G.6.4.5.12 Stored Faults 334
- “FAM_” command definition 337
- G.6.4.5.16 Change Status 339
- G.6.4.5.17 Equipment Type 340
- Glossary 341
- OSC Oscillator 344
- METRIC CONVERSIONS 347
- Units of Length 347
- Temperature Conversions 347
- Units of Weight 347
- 480 • 333 • 2200 PHONE 348
- 480 • 333 • 2161 348
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